Dashain, also known as Vijaya Dashami, is the most significant and widely celebrated festival in Nepal. It symbolizes the victory of good over evil and is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology and Nepali culture. Spanning over fifteen days, Dashain usually falls in September or October and coincides with the lunar calendar’s bright fortnight in the month of Ashwin.
The festival primarily honors the goddess Durga, who represents divine energy and power. According to Hindu mythology, Dashain commemorates the victory of Goddess Durga over the demon Mahishasura, signifying the triumph of virtue over vice. In another narrative, it celebrates Lord Rama’s victory over the demon king Ravana with the blessings of Goddess Durga. These stories underline the importance of righteousness, bravery, and faith.
Dashain is a time of reunion, renewal, and reverence. The festival begins with Ghatasthapana, which marks the planting of sacred barley/Maize seeds(jamara) in a vessel called ghada. This symbolizes prosperity and is kept in a quiet, prayerful space for nine days while devotees perform daily rituals. On the seventh day, known as Phulpati, flowers, leaves, and other sacred items from Gorkha are brought to the capital, Kathmandu, in a grand procession, officially commencing the national celebration.
The most important days are the eighth (Maha Asthami), ninth (Maha Navami), and tenth (Vijaya Dashami). On Maha Asthami, animals are sacrificed in temples to appease the goddess. This controversial tradition, although slowly declining, is believed to satisfy the divine power and bring blessings. On Maha Navami, worship is offered to tools, vehicles, and machines, symbolizing respect for work and productivity.
The climax arrives with Vijaya Dashami, when elders apply tika (a mixture of yogurt, rice, and vermillion) on the foreheads of younger family members, along with jamara (the barley shoots). This ritual is a blessing for prosperity, long life, and success. Relatives travel long distances to receive tika and blessings from their elders, reinforcing family bonds.
Dashain is not just a religious festival but also a cultural celebration. People buy new clothes, clean and decorate their homes, and prepare special foods like goat meat, rice, and sweets. Schools and offices close for an extended holiday, allowing people to travel and celebrate with their families. Kite flying, swing rides (ping), and card games are also popular activities during this time.
However, Dashain also faces criticism, especially for the animal sacrifices and excessive consumerism that sometimes overshadow its spiritual essence. Despite these concerns, Dashain remains a cherished occasion that unites people across social and geographic boundaries.
In conclusion, Dashain is more than just a festival; it is a reflection of Nepali identity and tradition. It brings joy, spiritual renewal, and a sense of togetherness. While evolving with modern values, Dashain continues to be a symbol of faith, culture, and celebration in Nepal.
