The national flower of Nepal is the Rhododendron arboreum, locally known as ‘Lali Guras.’ This vibrant and colorful flower holds special importance in Nepali culture and is admired for its beauty and resilience. Thriving in the serene and rugged terrains of the Himalayas, the Rhododendron arboreum blooms at elevations ranging from 5,000 to 13,000 feet (1,500 to 4,000 m) above sea level. The spectacle of its majestic bloom occurs from March to May when the hillsides of Nepal transform into a red sea of blossoms as winter gives way to the warmth of spring.
Why Rhododendron is called National Flower of Nepal?
The rhododendron was chosen as the national flower of Nepal due to its widespread presence in the country’s hills and mountains. It symbolizes the beauty, purity, and endurance of the Nepali people, thriving in diverse climatic conditions. The vibrant colors of the rhododendron flowers also reflect the rich cultural and natural heritage of Nepal.
Scientific Classification
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Order: Ericales
- Family: Ericaceae
- Genus: Rhododendron
- Species: R. arboreum
Description
Rhododendron arboreum, also referred to as the tree rhododendron, is an evergreen shrub or small tree with striking displays of bright red flowers. Found in various countries, including Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Thailand, it serves as the state tree of Uttarakhand and the state flower of Nagaland in India.
The specific epithet “arboreum” indicates its tendency to be woody or grow in a tree-like form. While it can reach heights of 20 m (66 ft), it typically stands at 12 m (39 ft) tall and broad. This plant holds the Guinness Record for the World’s Largest Rhododendron.
In early and mid-spring, it produces trusses of 15–20 bell-shaped flowers, 5 cm (2 in) wide and 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, in red, pink, or white. These flowers have black nectar pouches and black spots inside.
Cultivation
Rhododendron arboreum thrives in moist but well-drained, leafy, humus-rich, acidic soil in dappled shade. It has broad, dark green leaves, 7–19 cm (3–7.5 in) long, with a silvery, fawn, or brown hairy coating beneath. Ideal for woodland gardens, shelter is crucial to prevent wind damage to its leaves.
Variants
Several subspecies and variants of Rhododendron arboreum exist, such as Rhododendron arboreum subsp. cinnamomeum, which features leaves with cinnamon-brown hairs beneath.
Threats
Rhododendrons are susceptible to various pests and diseases, including vine weevil, rhododendron and azalea whiteflies, leafhoppers, lacebugs, scale insects, caterpillars, aphids, powdery mildew, bud blast, honey fungus, rust, leafy gall, petal blight, silver leaf, phytophthora root rot, and lime-induced chlorosis.
FAQs
What is the national flower of Nepal?
The national flower of Nepal is the Rhododendron arboreum, also known locally as ‘Lali Gurans’.
Where does the Rhododendron grow?Â
The Rhododendron arboreum thrives in the serene and rugged terrains of the Himalayas, blooming at elevations ranging from 5,000 to 13,000 feet (1,500 to 4,000 m) above sea level.
When does the Rhododendron bloom?
The bloom season for this majestic tree is a sight to behold. As winter retreats and gives way to the warmth of spring, from March to May, the hillsides of Nepal transform into a red sea of blossoms.
What is the significance of the Rhododendron in Nepali culture?
This vibrant and colourful flower holds special significance in Nepali culture and is celebrated for its beauty and resilience.
