Introduction: Naumati Baja and its Importance
Naumati Baja is a group of nine traditional musical instruments played in Nepal. The term “Naumati” translates to “Nine Rhythms”, while “Baja” translates to “Musical Instrument”. This traditional band plays an essential role in various cultural and religious events, such as weddings, festivals, and religious processions. The melodious tunes of Naumati Baja not only entertain but also invoke a sense of cultural identity and pride among the Nepalese people.
![Naumati Baja: Nepal's Musical Marvel of 9 Instruments With Pics 1 naumati baja](https://insightsnp.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/naumati-baja-pics.jpg)
The Instruments of Naumati Baja
Naumati Baja consists of nine instruments, with seven different types.
- Sanai/Shehnai/Sahanai – 2 in number
- Tyamko – 1 in number
- Dholak/Dholaki – 1 in number
- Damaha/Nagara – 2 in number
- Jhyali/Jhurma/Jhymta – 1 in number
- Narsingha or Karnal – 2 in number
Let’s explore each instrument in detail:
Sanai/Shehnai/Sahanai
![Naumati Baja: Nepal's Musical Marvel of 9 Instruments With Pics 2 sanai](https://insightsnp.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/sanai-996x1024.png)
The Sahanai, also known as the Shehnai or Sanai, is a double-reed wind instrument that holds a significant place in Nepalese culture, particularly in the context of Panche Baja. It is a curved instrument with a metal body, featuring a flared bell at one end and several finger holes (typically 6-9) along its length. The Sahanai bears some resemblance to the Western oboe in terms of its shape, but it possesses a distinct nasal tone that sets it apart. The sound is produced when the player blows air into the reeds and manipulates the finger holes by opening and closing them with their fingers. It requires great expertise and control over breath to master the instrument. Playing the Sahanai is a skill that demands precision and skillful fingerwork. The player creates different notes and melodies by controlling the airflow and manipulating the finger holes.
Tyamko
The Tyamko is a small bowl-shaped drum that holds a significant place in Nepalese music, particularly in the context of Panche Baja and Naumati Baja. The Tyamko is typically constructed using either wood or copper. Its upper portion is covered with cowhide, which serves as the drumhead. The drumhead is stretched tightly over the opening, allowing for clear and resonant sound production.
![Naumati Baja: Nepal's Musical Marvel of 9 Instruments With Pics 3 Tyamko](https://insightsnp.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/tyamko.jpg)
To play the Tyamko, the musician stands and carries the drum on a strap that goes around their neck. It is also common for the player to secure the drum around their waist. Each hand holds a stick specifically designed for playing the instrument. The player strikes the drumhead with controlled force and precision using the sticks. The strikes produce distinct and rhythmic sounds, contributing to the overall percussion ensemble.
Dholak/Dholaki
![Naumati Baja: Nepal's Musical Marvel of 9 Instruments With Pics 4 Dholak](https://insightsnp.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/dholak.jpg)
The Dholaki is a cylindrical drum-like instrument. It is made primarily of wood, with animal hide stretched tightly over the open ends of the drum. This combination of materials produces a unique and resonant sound that is characteristic of the instrument. The Dholaki is played by striking the drumheads with either two sticks or bare hands. The sticks, typically made of wood, are used to create rhythmic patterns and beats on the instrument. The Dholaki is considered to be a precursor to the modern-day dhol, another popular drum instrument. While the dhol is larger and produces a deeper sound, the Dholaki retains its unique charm and is often favored for its versatility and portability.
Damaha/Nagara
![Naumati Baja: Nepal's Musical Marvel of 9 Instruments With Pics 5 Damaha](https://insightsnp.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/damaha.jpg)
The Damaha, also known as Nagara, is a kettle drum that plays an important role in traditional Nepalese music. It is a larger version of the Tyamko and shares many similarities in terms of its construction and playing technique. The Damaha is typically crafted using wood or brass, giving it a sturdy and resonant quality. Its bowl-shaped body is slightly larger than the Tyamko, allowing for deeper and more powerful sounds. Similar to other traditional drums, it is covered with leather or animal hide, which serves as the drumhead.
When playing the Damaha, the musician typically stands and holds the drum using a neck strap. This allows for comfortable and stable positioning during performances. Like the Tyamko, the Damaha is played using two sticks, known as Gajo, which are specifically designed for striking the drum.
Jhyali/Jhurma/Jhymta
![Naumati Baja: Nepal's Musical Marvel of 9 Instruments With Pics 6 Jhyali](https://insightsnp.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/jhyali.jpg)
The Jhyali, also known as Jhurma or Jhymta, is a cymbal-type musical instrument used in the traditional Nepalese music ensemble, Panche Baja. Made of bronze or brass, it consists of two metal plates that are struck together to create a ringing sound. Held in each hand, the plates collide to produce a vibrant and shimmering tone. The Jhyali’s unique sound adds depth and rhythm to the music, enhancing the overall composition.
Narsingha
Narsingha is a C-shaped trumpet made of copper alloys or copper alloys. It is also an important member of Naumati baja popular in Central Nepal, while Karnal, found in Western Nepal, is a straight, big-mouthed long straight trumpet usually made of copper or brass. The Narsingha brings a unique and enchanting melodic element to the ensemble. At one end of the Karnal, you’ll find a large bell-like structure, while the other end is used for blowing air.
FAQs
On what occasions is Naumati Baja commonly played?
Ans. Naumati Baja is often played during Nepalese wedding ceremonies, religious festivities, and cultural events. It serves as a source of entertainment and celebration, adding a festive and joyful atmosphere to these occasions.
Why is it important to preserve Naumati Baja?
Ans. Naumati Baja holds significant cultural importance in Nepal. It represents the country’s rich musical heritage and serves as a medium of artistic expression. By preserving Naumati Baja, we ensure the safeguarding of Nepal’s traditions, customs, and values. It also allows us to share our traditional music with the world, promoting cultural diversity and understanding.
What measures can be taken to preserve Naumati Baja?
Ans. To preserve Naumati Baja, the following measures can be undertaken:
-Organizing awareness programs to promote its significance and encourage its preservation.
-Conducting competitions and events focused on playing traditional folk musical instruments, including Naumati Baja.
-Establishing local clubs or organizations dedicated to preserving and promoting traditional folk instruments like Naumati Baja.
-Providing support and resources from the government to individuals involved in making and playing Naumati Baja, ensuring their continued practice and transmission of knowledge.