Nepal has 6 metropolitan cities (referred to as “Mahanagarpalika” in Nepali), which are the largest urban administrative divisions. Here is the list of metropolitan cities in Nepal:
1. Kathmandu
Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, is the largest and most influential metropolitan city in the country. Known as the “City of Temples”, it is rich in cultural heritage and historical significance.
Key Features
- Province: Bagmati
- Population: Over 1.5 million (2023 estimate)
- Significance: Political, economic, and cultural hub of Nepal
Attractions
- Kathmandu Durbar Square: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing ancient palaces, courtyards, and temples.
- Pashupatinath Temple: A sacred Hindu shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva.
- Swayambhunath (Monkey Temple): A Buddhist stupa offering panoramic views of the city.
- Thamel: The bustling tourist area filled with shops, restaurants, and hotels.
Urban Growth
Kathmandu is the heart of Nepal’s political and economic activities. With a mix of modern infrastructure and ancient traditions, it serves as a base for tourists exploring Nepal.
2. Lalitpur
Located adjacent to Kathmandu, Lalitpur is renowned for its ancient architecture and traditional crafts. It is a haven for art enthusiasts and history lovers.
Key Features
- Province: Bagmati
- Population: Approximately 300,000
- Significance: Known for its art, culture, and rich history
Attractions
- Patan Durbar Square: Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, celebrated for its exquisite wood and stone carvings.
- Krishna Mandir: A unique temple constructed entirely of stone.
- Golden Temple: An ancient Buddhist monastery adorned with intricate artwork.
- Handicraft Markets: Famous for traditional Nepali crafts like metalwork and statues.
Urban Growth
Lalitpur combines a calm atmosphere with urban sophistication. Its progressive yet traditional approach attracts professionals and artists alike.
3. Pokhara
Pokhara, often regarded as Nepal’s tourism capital, is a scenic paradise. It serves as the gateway to the Annapurna Circuit, a popular trekking route.
Key Features
- Province: Gandaki
- Population: Around 500,000
- Significance: Tourism hub and adventure capital of Nepal
Attractions
- Phewa Lake: A serene lake with the Tal Barahi Temple located in its center.
- Davis Falls: A stunning waterfall with a mysterious underground outlet.
- Sarangkot: A hilltop offering breathtaking sunrise views over the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges.
- World Peace Pagoda: A Buddhist stupa situated atop a hill overlooking Pokhara.
Urban Growth
Pokhara is experiencing rapid urbanization with improved infrastructure, making it a preferred destination for tourists and residents seeking a blend of nature and modern amenities.
4. Biratnagar
Biratnagar, located in southeastern Nepal, is the country’s second-largest city and an industrial powerhouse.
Key Features
- Province: Koshi
- Population: Over 400,000
- Significance: Industrial and commercial center of Nepal
Attractions
- Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve: A haven for birdwatchers and nature lovers.
- Biratnagar Jute Mills: The first industrial establishment in Nepal, marking the city’s industrial legacy.
- Temples: Including Kali Mandir and Barah Kshetra, rich in spiritual significance.
Urban Growth
Biratnagar contributes significantly to Nepal’s GDP. Its well-planned industrial zones and infrastructure are paving the way for sustained economic growth.
5. Bharatpur
Bharatpur, located in central Nepal, is known for its proximity to Chitwan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Key Features
- Province: Bagmati
- Population: Around 350,000
- Significance: A growing urban area with ecological importance
Attractions
- Chitwan National Park: Famous for wildlife safaris and home to endangered species like the one-horned rhinoceros and Bengal tiger.
- Narayani River: Ideal for boating and enjoying scenic views.
- Bishazari Tal: A wetland area rich in biodiversity.
Urban Growth
Bharatpur is transforming into a metropolitan hub while maintaining its ecological treasures. It serves as a model for sustainable urban development.
6. Birgunj
Situated on the Indo-Nepal border, Birgunj is a bustling trade city and a key entry point for goods entering Nepal.
Key Features
- Province: Madhesh
- Population: Over 200,000
- Significance: Major trade and transport hub
Attractions
- Gadhimai Temple: A prominent pilgrimage site in the region.
- Ghadiarwa Pokhari: A peaceful pond surrounded by greenery.
- Patan Devi Temple: An ancient and revered Hindu temple.
Urban Growth
Birgunj’s strategic location has led to rapid industrial and infrastructural development. It plays a vital role in Nepal’s import and export activities.
These cities play a vital role in the development, economy, and cultural identity of Nepal.
Comparison Table of Metropolitan Cities in Nepal
| Metropolitan City | Province | Area (sq. km) | Population (2023 est.) | Key Features | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kathmandu | Bagmati | 49.45 | ~1.5 million | Historical landmarks, administrative and economic hub, rich cultural heritage | Capital city of Nepal, center for governance, tourism, and commerce |
| Lalitpur (Patan) | Bagmati | 37.4 | ~300,000 | Exquisite art and architecture, Patan Durbar Square, handicraft markets | Known for traditional crafts and as an artistic hub |
| Pokhara | Gandaki | 464.24 | ~500,000 | Scenic lakes, trekking gateway (Annapurna Circuit), adventure sports | Tourism and adventure capital of Nepal |
| Biratnagar | Koshi | 58.48 | ~400,000 | Industrial zones, proximity to Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, temples | Industrial hub and economic powerhouse of eastern Nepal |
| Bharatpur | Bagmati | 432.39 | ~350,000 | Close to Chitwan National Park, Narayani River, biodiversity-rich wetlands | Gateway to Chitwan National Park, a model of sustainable urbanization |
| Birgunj | Madhesh | 75.15 | ~200,000 | Key trade route, temples, and cultural landmarks | Major trade and transport hub connecting Nepal to India |
Highlights from the Table:
- Largest Area: Pokhara (464.24 sq. km)
- Smallest Area: Lalitpur (37.4 sq. km)
- Most Populous: Kathmandu (~1.5 million)
- Least Populous: Birgunj (~200,000)
- Tourism-Oriented: Pokhara, Bharatpur
- Trade & Industry Focused: Birgunj, Biratnagar
Read more: National Parks of Nepal
