Tihar, also known as Deepawali or the Festival of Lights, is one of the most significant and widely celebrated festivals in Nepal. It typically falls in the month of Kartik (October–November) and lasts for five days. Unlike other Hindu festivals that may focus primarily on deities, Tihar is unique because it also honors animals, nature, and family relationships. Each day of the festival has a distinct significance, reflecting Nepalese culture’s rich tapestry of spirituality, nature worship, and social values.
The first day of Tihar is Kaag Tihar, dedicated to crows. In Hindu mythology, crows are regarded as messengers of Yama, the god of death. People offer rice and sweets to crows, believing this will avert death and misfortune in the family. This practice symbolizes the importance of even the smallest creatures in the cycle of life.
The second day, Kukur Tihar, honors dogs. Dogs are considered loyal guardians and are also believed to guard the gates of the afterlife. On this day, people garland dogs with flowers, apply tika (a red mark) on their foreheads, and offer them delicious food. This gesture of gratitude toward dogs reflects deep respect for animals and their roles in human lives.
The third day is Gai Tihar and Laxmi Puja. In the morning, cows are worshipped for their sacred status and economic importance. People decorate them with garlands and feed them special treats. In the evening, the goddess Laxmi, the deity of wealth and prosperity, is worshipped. Houses are cleaned and decorated with lights, oil lamps, and colorful rangolis to welcome her. People believe that the goddess visits homes that are clean and well-lit, bringing blessings for the year ahead.
The fourth day is Govardhan Puja or Mha Puja, depending on the community. In the Newar community, Mha Puja is a special ritual of self-purification and worship of the inner self. It marks the beginning of the Newar New Year and encourages self-reflection, health, and inner strength. Others celebrate Govardhan Puja to commemorate the lifting of the Govardhan hill by Lord Krishna to protect villagers from torrential rains.
The fifth and final day is Bhai Tika, a celebration of the sacred bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters apply a seven-colored tika on their brothers’ foreheads, offer garlands of marigold, and perform rituals for their long life and prosperity. Brothers, in turn, give gifts and promise to protect their sisters. This emotional and affectionate tradition strengthens family bonds and mutual respect.
In Conclusion, Tihar is more than just a festival; it is a vibrant expression of Nepali culture, combining religious devotion, environmental respect, and social unity. With its colorful lights, heartfelt rituals, and joyous music, Tihar brings communities together in gratitude, love, and hope. It reminds people of the value of harmony between humans, animals, and the divine—making it a truly beautiful and meaningful celebration.
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